*K. B. N College, Kothpet, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh, India, Email sambasivarao563@yahoo.co.in

1. K. B. N College, Kothpet, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh, India

Email naik.samba@gmail.com

2. Acharya Nagarjuna University,Nagarjuna Nagar, 522510,Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Email id. nagallagopalrao@yahoo.com

Abstract

Probiotics represent a group of useful bacteria that provides a wide range of benefits. These valuable bacteria produce defense against various infections including bacteria and viruses and establish healthy homeostasis with host. Recent findings have also demonstrated that probiotics help in regulation of several biochemical parameters including carbohydrate utilization, lipid profile and protein metabolism. The selected probiotics also aid in absorption of several vitamins and vital mineral elements. Shrimps farming were growing aquaculture worldwide and emerged as an alternative source of food for humanity. The commercial shrimp farming acquires several technological inputs to ensure quality and yield. On the contrary, there are several limitations associated with shrimps farming where infection and associated diseases to growing shrimps is major one. Traditionally, chemical-based antimicrobial and antibiotic agents remain a cheap alternate to tackle such challenges. The use of chemical-based antimicrobials and antibiotic agents indeed harmful to the environment but also affect quality of growing shrimps. Probiotics gained tremendous success in aquaculture not only to protect against various infections but also in improving growth of shrimps. Here, in the present study we aimed to study effect of probiotics on biochemical profile of growing shrimps. Further, use of probiotics on the immune system of growing shrimps was also investigated. Here, in the present study Giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon was used as model shrimp to study effect of various probiotics on growth profile. Shrimps were fed with the Lactobacillus lactis AR21 as probiotic. The effect of probiotics on biochemical and immune parameters was analyzed in time-dependent manner. The result shows that probiotics not only provide protection against invading pathogens but also improve immunity of growing shrimps.

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The post Effect of probiotics on growth of shrimps farming : A biochemical and immune analysis appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

1 Department of Community Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja

Email: biyayanwankwo@yahoo.com

Phone: +234-8023805229

2 University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada

Abstract

Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis was named after Theodore Bilharz a German surgeon who worked in Cairo. He was the first person to identify the aetiological agent Schistosoma haematobium in 1851¹.Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects urinary bladder caused by the schistosomes (eggs) laid by the helminth Schistosoma haematobium.²

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children in Angwan-dodo community.

A multistage sampling method was used.Using a sterile universal bottle, urine samples were obtained from the subjects and transported immediately to the laboratory for analysis.

A total number of 336 samples were examined for the presence of the ova of Schistosoma among children within the ages of 6-17years in Angwan Dodo.Mean egg intensity was 30.0 ± 17.2 standard deviation(SD) with highest intensity being 59 eggs/10ml and the lowest 8 ova/10ml. The age group 12-14 years had the highest prevalence rate(19.6%) and highest mean ova intensity (33.9 ova/10ml urine) while the age group 6-8 years had the lowest rate. Overall, light intensity was (7.4%) while heavy intensity was (2.7%). Among those infected, light intensity (73.5%) was significantly higher than heavy intensity (26.5%). There was statistical significance in the prevalence (P = 0.002) in relation to age group however, no significance in mean intensity (P > 0.05 among the age groups.

Higher prevalence of infection was seen in the public school (15.6%) children compared to private schools with statistical significance (P = 0.003) but there was no statistical significance in the mean intensity between them (P > 0.05). Boys had the higher prevalence (15.9%) than girls (4.2%) respectively with statistical significance between them in prevalence (P = 0.002).

The post Prevalence and Intensity of urinary Schistosomiasis in school children of Anguwan –dodo, a semi-urban community in Gwagwalada, Abuja appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Department of Health and sport, University of East London, London, United Kingdom,Current Address: Fabson close, Kagoro bye Express, Kaduna State, Nigeria,Telephone: +2348068423974

Abstract

Introduction:

Since the discovery of AIDS in 1980, the development of cancers has featured as a major problem in HIV patients. The extents of malignancies kept increasing among HIV infected population than the normal population. HAART widely became available in the 1990s, and has marked a notable decrease in the occurrence of diseases and death rate in HIV infected population but long-term use of it have been associated with increase cancer risk. Therefore, it will be of significance important to study the tumour promoting potentials of HAART Backbone (NNRTIs and NRTIs) leading to increase cancer risk in HIV infected population.

Method:

Cell differentiation potential was evaluated using U937 cells exposed to Nevirapine (NVP), Abacavir Sulphate (ABC) and Zidovudine (AZT) for 72hrs. Also, DNA breakage induced by NVP, ABC and AZT on HeLa cells at 40ug/ml and 50ug/ml using a modified FADU protocol was evaluated.

Results:

The highest transforming ability was recorded with AZT 50ug/ml as 98% of treated cells transformed into adherent cells after 72hrs exposure as compared to untreated cells. DNA breakage was not induced with NVP, ABC and AZT concentrations used on cells for 4hrs (40 and 50ug/ml).

Conclusion:

Overall, the research suggests that NVP, ABC and AZT have cell differentiation potential concluding that these drugs have tumour promoting potentials leading to increase cancer risk.

Keywords

Tumour promoting potential, DNA Damage, HAART classes, AIDs, Cancer

How to cite this article

Z Aisha*Microbioz Journals, Journal of Microbiology
and Biomedical Research 4 (3)

Article Details

Type of article

Original Artilcle

Date of publication

16/08/2018

Mode of access

Open Access

Correspondance

Department of Health and sport, University of East London, London, United Kingdom,Current Address: Fabson close, Kagoro bye Express, Kaduna State, Nigeria,Telephone: +2348068423974

Email ID: aishazakz@gmail.com

The post Tumour Promoting Potentials of HAART backbone (NNRTIs and NRTIs) leading to increase cancer risk among AIDs patients appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Department of Environmental Science, Amar Singh College, J&K, India-190008

Abstract

A total of 36 fungal species were isolated during the study. The soil mycoflora was cultured using serial dilution and plate count method on PDA and Malt Extract Agar supplemented with streptomycin. The fungal density was recorded maximum during summers followed by spring and winter.

In summers the fungal density was recorded highest in descending order: Mixed wood forest of pine and oak (12.4×10⁴cfu g^-1), land put to non-agriculture use (11.8×10⁴ cfu g^-1), Silvo-pasture (8.2×10⁴cfu g^-1), agricultural field (8.0×10⁴cfu g^-1), floating garden (7.8×10⁴cfu g^-1). In spring the density remained more or less same in sites 1, 3, 6 and 7. In winters sampling could only be carried out in only three sites, density in these sites decreased appreciably due to drop in temperature.

Keywords

soil; fungus, density, soil

How to cite this article

S Habib Microbioz Journals, Journal of Microbiology and Biomedical Research 4 (2)

Article Details

Type of article 

Original Artilcle

Date of publication

21/06/2018

Mode of access

Open Access

Correspondance 

Shazia Habib

Department of Environmental Science, Amar Singh College, J&K, India-190008

Email ID:  habibshazia3185@gmail.com

The post Soil mycofloral communities across different land-use types appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Kattankulathur

V.Mangayarkarasi

Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Kattankulathur

Abstract

Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) have recently emerged as nosocomial pathogen with intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobial agents making them difficult to treat. We investigated the prevalence of vancomycin resistance in Enterococci isolated in a tertiary health care set up.

Materials and Methods:

128 Enterococcal isolates form patients specimens were screened for vancomycin resistance. Screening for vancomycin resistance  was done by utilizing vancomycin screen agar. Vancomycin resistance was also confirmed phenoypically by determining the Minimum inhibitory concentration of both Vancomycin and teicoplanin  by broth microdilution method.

Results:

Vancomycin screen agar detected four resistant isolates of Enterococcus faecium (12.90%) which is inclusive of  an additional isolate which Kibybaeur disk difusion method failed to identify .

Interpretation and conclusion:

Being an emerging pathogen, VRE acts as a sensitive marker for measuring the effectiveness of

Infection control programme and the appropriate application of preventive measures. The study resulted in an increased awareness about VRE and implementation of control measures in the hospital to restrict spread of VRE

Keywords

Vancomycin screen Agar, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Drug resistance, MIC

How to cite this article

VM L.Triveda*Microbioz Journals, Journal of Microbiology and Biomedical Research 4 (2)

Article Details

Type of article

Original Artilcle

Date of publication

28/05/2018

Mode of access

Open Access

Correspondance 

L.Triveda

Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Kattankulathur

Email ID:  drtriveda@gmail.com

The post Screening of VRE with special emphasis on the determination of MIC of Vancomycin and Teicoplanin for Enterococci appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

Y Vimala 

GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Flacourtia jangomas is mostly observed in Southeast Asia and East Asia. Its origin is wild and from tropical Asia, especially India. The Common names of Flacourtia jangomas are Coffee plum, Indian plum, Manila cherry and Paniala. Traditional uses of Flacourtia jangomas are that the fruits are used to cure diarrhea and nausea. The leaves and bark are used in bleeding gums and aching teeth, and the bark infusion is gargled to alleviate hoarseness. Flacourtia jangomas fruits are traditionally used to cure diarrhea and nausea.

The leaves and bark are used in bleeding gums and aching teeth. Antibacterial activity of Ethyl acetate extract of the stem was determined by Agar diffusion method against Gram -positive bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, and Gram-negative bacteria viz., E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholera. The extracts shown zone of inhibition, ranging from 13 mm-28 mm. The extracts had the profound effect on Gram-negative bacteria with the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosashowing 28 mm followed by Vibrio cholerae with 20 mm. Antifungal activity was determined by Agar diffusion against four Fungal strains viz.,Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma viridae and Neurospora crassa.

The extracts showed modearte inhibitory activity ranging from 2-15 mm. Antioxidant activity of Flacourtia jangomas stem extract was determined by Nitric oxide scavenging assay, the extract showed prominent antioxidant activity with Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) as a standard compound.

Keywords

Flacourtia jangomas, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Antioxidant activity.

How to cite this article

YV Gulnaaz sabri*(2018) Antimicrobial activity and Antioxidant activity of Flacourtia jangomas stem from Bihar, India, Microbioz Journals, Journal of Microbiology and Biomedical Research 4(1)

Article Details

Type of article 

Original Artilcle

Date of publication

31/03/2018

Mode of access

Open Access

Correspondance 

Gulnaaz Sabri 

Department of Microbiology and Food science and Technology, GITAM Institute of science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Email ID:  gulnaaz08@gmail.com

The post Antimicrobial activity and Antioxidant activity of Flacourtia jangomas stem from Bihar, India appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Richa Sharma

Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Streptococcus strains isolated from different categories- male, female and children of caries active and caries free mouth, where tested to characterize their tolerance efficiency for growth under varying temperature, pH, moisture, salt concentration, sugar concentration, oxidative stress, and percentage of CO₂ availability. These environmental factors are critical and ubiquitous environmental signals that govern the development and virulence of diverse microbial species. Isolated Streptococcus strains from different oral disease condition showed variation in their growth and virulence property under different environmental condition. Isolated Streptococcus strains where inhibited by selected Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium strains isolated from cow milk, which shows interspecies competitive exclusion.

Keywords

Streptococcus, Lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium, Environmental factor, Interspecies Competition.

How to cite this article

SS Richa Sharma*(2018) Control of environmental factors on cariogenic Streptococcus strains isolated from dental plaque-their interspecies competition, Microbioz Journals, Journal of Microbiology and Biomedical Research 4(1)

Article Details

Type of article 

Original Artilcle

Date of publication

31/03/2018

Mode of access

Open Access

Correspondance 

Shailja Singh

Department of Food and Biotechnology,Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-303122

Email ID: shailjassingh@gmail.com

The post Control of environmental factors on cariogenic Streptococcus strains isolated from dental plaque-their interspecies competition appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Sarojini Naidu Government Girls PG College, Bhopal, Bhopal-462016 Madhya Pradesh, India

Shuchi Gupta

Barkatullah University, Habib-Ganj, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh India

Padmakar Tripathi

Department of Health and Family Welfare Sehore-466116, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Infections including urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial driven disease in humans, both as community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. As per World Health Organization (WHO), urinary tract infections are second largest infections to human and responsible for the massive amount of antibiotics consumption. Multidrug-resistant uropathogens are major health threats to both developing and developed nations. The clinical application of new generation antibiotics becomes a challenge with the emergence of MDR, XDR and PDR. In our study, we have profiled and reported major uropathogens in Bhopal city and their diversity. The Escherichia coli (more than 60%) remain a major uropathogen associated in UTIs cases in Bhopal. The other uropathogens reported in present study are Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonasand Staphylococcus. The isolated and profiled uropathogen have shown increasing drug resistance with all major commercial antibiotics. Based on the pattern of antibiotic resistance multi-drug resistant uropathogens were classified as MDR, XDR, and PDR.

Keywords

Antibiotics, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and bacterial diversity

How to cite this article

PT Shobha Shrivastava, Shuchi Gupta* (2018) Antibiotic resistance pattern in Urinary tract infection patients in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Microbioz Journals, Journal of Microbiology and Biomedical Research 4(1)

Article Details

Type of article 

Original Artilcle

Date of publication

31/03/2018

Mode of access

Open Access

Correspondance 

Shuchi Gupta 

Doctoral Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology Barkatullah University, Habib-Ganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India

Email ID:  shuchigupta.micro@gmail.com

The post Antibiotic resistance pattern in Urinary tract infection patients in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Abstract

Isolation and characterization of three distinct amino acid producing bacteria from the cow dung (CD) suspensions under aerobic condition have been studied. Based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates of white colour bacteria (WCB), red colour bacteria (RCB) and yellow colour bacteria (YCB) were identified to be Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile microbes belonging to E. coli, Bacillus sp.1 and Bacillus sp.2, respectively. The growth conditions of the bacterials isolated were then studied in the laboratory and the corresponding pH and temperature ranges were determined. Results on the antibiogram profiles of the bacterial isolates showed that 80-90% of the bacteria were sensitive against the antibiotics tested during the study. Amino acid producing capability of the bacteria was finally assessed in molasses-based fermentation media, and the amino acids isolated and identified from the three types of bacteria using paper chromatography were cysteine, serine and methionine. The relevance of the findings in relation to the commercial production of amino acids of medicinal, agricultural and nutritional significance has been discussed.

Key Words

Cow dung, amino acids, antibiogram profile, paper chromatography, E. coli, Bacillus spp.

The post Isolation and characterization of amino acid producing bacteria from cow dung appeared first on Microbioz Journals.

Abstract

Root rot of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is quite prevalent in the moth growing areas of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh state. The pathogen infects the moth plant at all ages and it results in a huge loss. The present study was undertaken to study the development of necrosis and occurrence of sclerotia and pycnidiospores in order to study the pathogenic variability of M. phaseolina.and to determine the morphological and pathogenic variability and their correlation with the age ofvigna plant. The isolates showed variation in mycelia growth and sporulation. Variability is the very basis of survival of the pathogen and It was observed that the sclerotia were produced in collar regions of 15,30,45 and 60 day old plants but symptoms were found to be more prevalent at maturity stage as compared to initial, seedling and flowering stages. Data reported here indicates that the sclerotia contribute to death of infected plants..It was observed that maximum disease incidence in plants occurs at maturity stage and susceptibility of plants to Macrophomina increased with age.

Key Words

Macrophomina phaseolina, root rot, moth bean, sclerotia.

The post Effect of plant age upon development of necrosis and occurrence of sclerotia, pycnidiospores in moth been infected with Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. appeared first on Microbioz Journals.